Cannabis sativa is a remarkable plant containing many valuable natural components. Cannabis can be detected by the successful production of the 197 bp pcr product linacre and thorpe, 1998. Upon further investigation, the bright colors and beautiful textures give way to an intricate network of fascinating components which collaborate to compose the miraculous plant. Rensing 2 and gerhard leubnermetzger 1,6, 1 department of biological sciences, royal. They will make you laugh uncontrollably, engage in indepth conversations about the meaning of life. Cannabidiol cbd is a component of cannabis sativa and constitutes up to 40% of the extracts of the plant 1. Cannabaceae is one of the oldest medicinal plants used by humans. The legal and commercial production of the cannabis plant is a relatively new, rapidly growing, and highly profitable industry in europe and north america.
We have performed a metaanalysis of pooled published genomics data, and we present a. Additionally, an entire section is devoted to hemp trichomes. Armies and navies have used it to make war, men and women to make love. Introduction cannabis sativa is a remarkable plant containing many valuable natural components. These secretions also have commercial uses in the flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. Dna was isolated from male and female plants and subjected to random amplification of polymorphic dna. Names hemp refers to the plant and its products oldest term marijuana refers to both plant and drug. It has been cultivated throughout recorded history, used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods and medicine. Nvs maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the nga tipu o aotearoa new zealand plants database.
Otherwise, you might return home from shopping with green bananas and rotten tomatoes. Sativa plants have long and thin leaves that are lighter in color. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april. The plants behavioral and psychotropic effects are attributed to its.
These secretions also have 5 commercial uses in the flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. About cannabis sativa medical marijuana 101 overview. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. Growers, medicinal users, and ordinary decent stoners need to know the anatomy of the cannabis plant. Only the marijuana plant sample should yield the expected band produced from the pcr. This paper also highlighted the social, economic and medical values of this plant with a view of using the cannabis sativa for sustainable development worldwide. Cannabis sativa new zealand plant conservation network. We are still finding out new things about this system. Evolution and classification of cannabis sativa marijuana, hemp in relation to human utilization.
The cannabis plant has been described as a veritable treasure trove, producing more than 100 different cannabinoids, although the focus to date has been on the psychoactive molecule delta. Just like fresh fruit and vegetables, it pays to know the basics. The genomics of cannabis and its close relatives annual. Glandular trichomes are specialized anatomical structures that accumulate secretions with important biological roles in plantenvironment interactions. Physiology of plants marijuana grow basics by jorge cervantes growing marijuana in rockwool. The plant leaves were identified as cannabis sativa l. The protein content in crude extract of cannabis sativa l.
The plant material is extremely inhomogeneous, and the ratios of active ingredients are affected by a range of factors. Biological sciences book publishing analysis marijuana. A native of asia, cannabis has been naturalized and cultivated worldwide over thousands of years. Plant physiology is the part of biology which is concerned with the way plants grow and flower. Evolution and classification of cannabis sativa marijuana. Cannabis sativastrains are known to produce an uplifting and cerebral high that is typically very energizing and stimulating.
Preface to achieve good results, a home grower must know about plant physiology. Plant physiology at first glance, the cannabis plant is a sight to behold. The plant is trimmed down into buds, which come together in a cola at the top of the stem. Cannabis cannabis sativa, or hemp and its constituentsin particular the cannabinoidshave been the focus of extensive chemical and biological research for almost half a century since the discovery of the chemical structure of its major active constituent. It has been cultivated throughout the world and history for use as a food, fuel source, nutritional supplement, body care product, source of paper, building material, medicine, and in. The anatomy of a cannabis plant, and its lifecycle visual capitalist. Commercial cannabis comes from the female species, which have long skinny stems and large, iconic fan leaves. The most plentiful is cannabis sativa, a tall plant that is grown throughout the world. Knowing the parts of the cannabis and understanding their roles can help you pick out the highest quality strains at the new amsterdam.
The first evidence of the use of cannabis was found in china, where archeological and historical findings indicate that that plant was cultivated for fibers since 4. Posts tagged with cannabis plant physiology clear choice cannabis cannabis plant. Tighter sustainability criteria for the production of vehicle biofuels and an increasing interest in. Current drug safety, 2011, 000000 1 safety and side. Maleassociated dna sequences were analyzed in a dioecious plant, cannabis sativa l. In this post, we will covering the anatomy of the female cannabis plant, because the males do not produce cannabis flower we all know and love. Read on to learn what cannabis is, and find a quick overview of its uses, legality, side effects, and more.
Introduction to the multipurpose plant cannabis throughout the ages, cannabis has been extolled as one of mans greatest benefactors and cursed as one of his greatest scourges. The same plant produces marijuana and hemp the difference is the amount of thc in that plant. The capitatestalked 6 glandular trichomes of cannabis sativa cannabis, situated on the surfaces of the bracts of the. We feature a wide variety of cannabis bud and cannabis products, including. But cannabis is prolific and the case is made that these may simply be. Genetic mixture between indica and sativa can have indicadominant or sativadominant hybrids effects on patients can vary. The plants database includes the following 4 subspecies of cannabis sativa. Extraction of cannabinoids from cannabis sativa l plant. For millennia, the plant has also been used for fiber, oil production, and simply as additive for food products. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. A unique plant source of 3 important types of products 1. Achieving this, using raw cannabis as a feedstock, is especially challenging.
Glandular trichomes are specialized anatomical structures that accumulate secretions with important biological roles in plant environment interactions. Pdf crop physiology of fibre hemp cannabis sativa l. Phytocannabinoids have also been discovered in plants from the genus radula liverworts and helichrysum sunflower family 2. Cannabinoids production in cannabis sativa l an in. The leaves are palmately compound or digitate, with serrate leaflets. It has been cultivated throughout the world and history for use as a food, fuel source, nutritional supplement, body care product, source of paper, building material, medicine, and in textiles small and marcus, 2002. Stimulating and energetic, sativa bud is known to help increase focus, promote feelings of wellbeing and fight depression. Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to eastern asia but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation. The state of knowledge on hemp crop physiology and agronomy prior to this. The first pair of leaves usually have a single leaflet, the number gradually increasing up to a maximum of about thirteen leaflets per leaf usually. It can be cultivated to produce large amounts of thc, the chemical that gives smokers the psychic effects they seek or it can be grown, as it. Studies of relationships among various groups of domesticated forms of the species and wildgrowing plants have led to conflicting evolutionary. Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants within the hemp family. Cannabis sativa has been employed for thousands of years, primarily as a source of a stem fiber both the plant and the fiber termed hemp and a resinous intoxicant the plant and its drug preparations commonly termed marijuana.
However, cbd concentrations are highly variable and depend on the growing conditions, the different phenotypes of illicit cannabis, and on the part of the plant analyzed 23. The cannabis plant is incredibly complex, and each piece of its physiology plays an integral role in. In this chapter, the principles of plant physiology are discussed. This fastgrowing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multipurpose applications.
Zwenger april, 2009 stem callus 7 transgenic cannabis rooting this book is dedicated to the future of humankind. You dont need a degree in botany, but it helps to know some phytotomy essentials. However, this paper has limitations because of the age long. Cannabis sativa, cannabis indica and cannabis ruderalis. Pks activities and biosynthesis of cannabinoids and. Trichomes are a blanket of crystal resin coating the cannabis plant, and they contain both terpenes and cannabinoids. The cannabinoids were extracted by aqueous extraction found a total yield of 3. The medicinal use of cannabis chief clinical officer kolmac outpatient recovery centers clinical professor of psychiatry georgetown university school of. The therapeutic application of cannabis is attracting substantial public and clinical interest. The full text of this article is available as a pdf 546k. It can be cultivated to produce large amounts of thc, the chemical that gives smokers the psychic effects they seek or it can be grown, as it has been for thousands of years as hemp, a. Quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text sam r. The quality demands of the pharmaceutical industry require prescription medicines to be consistent in their active ingredient content.
To achieve good results, a home grower must know about plant physiology. The first intermediate in the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway is proposed to be olivetolic acid oa, an alkylresorcinolic acid that forms the polyketide nucleus of the cannabinoids. Language english format pdf pages 474 isbn 9783319545646 file size. The national vegetation survey nvs databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. Identification of olivetolic acid cyclase from cannabis. Cannabis is undoubtedly an herb that has been many things to many people. Solomon na eds manual of industrial microbiology and biotechnology. The availability of macronutrients in the soil heavily affects plant growth and development 10. The capitatestalked glandular trichomes of cannabis sativa cannabis, situated on the surfaces of the bracts of the female flowers, are the. Traditionally, three major classes have been recognized. It has been used since ancient times as a medicinal plant, but also it is the source of hemp fibers and of a.